Description

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure designed to remove cysts from the ovary while preserving as much healthy ovarian tissue as possible. This technique has revolutionized gynecologic surgery by offering a safe and effective alternative to traditional open surgery, resulting in faster recovery, minimal scarring, and reduced postoperative pain. What is an Ovarian Cyst? An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or within an ovary. While many ovarian cysts are benign and may resolve on their own, some can cause symptoms such as pelvic pain, bloating, irregular periods, or complications like rupture or torsion. Surgical removal is often recommended when cysts are large, persistent, symptomatic, or suspicious for malignancy. Procedure Overview Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy involves the following steps: Anesthesia: The patient is placed under general anesthesia for complete comfort during surgery. Small Incisions: Typically, 3–4 small incisions, each 0.5–1 cm, are made in the abdomen. Insertion of Laparoscope: A thin, lighted tube with a camera (laparoscope) is inserted through one of the incisions, allowing the surgeon to view the pelvic organs on a monitor. Cyst Removal: Specialized instruments are inserted through the other incisions to carefully excise the cyst from the ovary, while preserving healthy ovarian tissue. Closure: The incisions are closed with dissolvable stitches or surgical tape. Advantages of Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy Minimally Invasive: Small incisions lead to less scarring and faster healing. Reduced Pain: Postoperative discomfort is significantly lower compared to open surgery. Quick Recovery: Most patients can return to normal activities within a few days. Preservation of Fertility: The procedure aims to retain as much ovarian tissue as possible, which is especially important for women planning future pregnancies. Lower Risk of Complications: Reduced risk of infection and adhesions. Indications for Surgery Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is typically recommended in cases of: Large ovarian cysts (>5–6 cm) Persistent or symptomatic cysts Complex cysts with solid components Cysts suspected of malignancy Cysts causing infertility or hormonal imbalance Recovery and Aftercare After the procedure, patients may experience mild discomfort, bloating, or shoulder-tip pain due to gas used during surgery. Most women can resume normal activities within 1–2 weeks. Follow-up imaging may be recommended to ensure complete removal and monitor ovarian health. Conclusion: Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy offers a safe, effective, and fertility-preserving solution for women with ovarian cysts. With its minimal invasiveness, reduced recovery time, and excellent surgical outcomes, it has become the preferred method for treating ovarian cysts in modern gynecologic practice.