Description

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) is one of the most established and effective bariatric surgical procedures for the management of morbid obesity and its related metabolic disorders. It combines both restrictive and malabsorptive principles to achieve significant and sustained weight loss. As a cornerstone topic in laparoscopic bariatric surgery lectures, RYGB provides surgeons with a deep understanding of advanced minimally invasive techniques and metabolic surgery concepts. The procedure begins with the creation of a small gastric pouch from the proximal stomach, which restricts food intake and induces early satiety. This pouch is carefully fashioned using laparoscopic staplers, ensuring preservation of blood supply and optimal pouch size. The next step involves identifying the jejunum and dividing it to create the Roux limb. The length of this limb is selected based on patient-specific factors, such as body mass index and metabolic profile, to maximize weight loss and glycemic control. Subsequently, a gastrojejunostomy is performed, connecting the gastric pouch to the Roux limb. This anastomosis can be created using linear or circular stapling techniques or by hand-sewn methods, depending on the surgeon’s preference and expertise. Precision at this stage is crucial to minimize complications such as leaks or strictures. The jejunojejunostomy is then completed to restore bowel continuity, allowing biliopancreatic secretions to mix with ingested food distally in the small intestine. Laparoscopic RYGB offers numerous advantages over open surgery, including reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery, and lower wound-related complications. Beyond weight reduction, RYGB has proven benefits in resolving type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea, making it a powerful metabolic procedure. In laparoscopic bariatric surgery lectures, the step-by-step demonstration of RYGB emphasizes proper port placement, anatomical landmarks, safe stapling, tension-free anastomosis, and meticulous closure of mesenteric defects to prevent internal hernias. Mastery of these steps is essential for achieving optimal patient outcomes and minimizing postoperative risks. In conclusion, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass remains a gold-standard bariatric operation. Through structured laparoscopic training and detailed step-by-step surgical lectures, surgeons can acquire the technical expertise and clinical judgment required to perform RYGB safely and effectively, ultimately improving the quality of life for patients suffering from obesity and metabolic diseases.